Analysis of fatty acid composition of Withania coagulans fruits by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Document Type : Short communication

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Central Council of Research Unani Medicine, Aligarh, India.

3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Withania coagulans Dunal (Solanaceae) fruits are recommended to treat asthma, dyspepsia, biliousness, flatulent colic, liver complaints, intestinal infections, strangury, wounds and as diuretic, emetic and sedative agent in Indian traditional system of medicine. The objective of this study was to describe the systematic fatty acid composition of the petroleum ether extract of W. coagulans fruits. Methods: Petroleum ether extract of W. coagulans fruits was prepared by maceration. Components of the W. coagulans petroleum ether extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their concentrations were determined. Results: The fixed oil of W. coagulans fruits constituted of twenty nine components including unsaturated (52.36%) and saturated (22.15%) fatty acids, alkenes (5.65%), phytosterols (4.39%), fatty alcohols (4.14%), aromatic acid (3.56%), monoterpenes (3.22%), triterpenoids (1.83%) and alkanes (2.7%). Most of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were identified as their methyl esters. Conclusions: Palmitoleic and 11-eicosenoic acids have been reported for the first time in petroleum ether extract of the W. coagulans fruits. The present study has illustrated the chemical nature of W. coagulans fruit and described its fatty acids composition.

Keywords

References

[1] Ali N, Ahmad B, Bashir S, Shah J, Azam S, Ahmad M. Calcium channel blocking activities of Withania coagulans. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009; 3(9): 439-442.
[2] Hoda Q, Ahmad S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK, Pillai KK, Ahmad SJ. Antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of poly-constituents, in aqueous and chloroform extracts, of Withania coagulans Dunal in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010; 29(8): 653-658.
[3] Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants. 2nd ed. Dehradun: International Book Distributors, 1999.
[4] Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Publications & Information Directorate. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products, (Sp-W). New Delhi: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, 2005.
[5] Jaiswal D, Rai PK, Watal G. Antidiabetic effect of Withania coagulans in experimental Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009; 24(1): 88-93.
[6] Hemalatha S, Kumar R, Kumar M. Withania coagulans Dunal: a review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2008; 2(4): 351-358.
[7] Gupta V, Keshari BB. Withania coagulans Dunal. (Paneerdoda): a review. Int J Ayu Herb Med. 2013; 3(5): 1330-1336.
[8] Sattar A, Ghani MY, Khan SA. Fatty acids of indigenous resources for possible industrial applications PartXV. Fatty acid composition of the seeds oil of Withania coagulans and Withania somnifera. Pak J Sci Ind Res. 1988; 31(2): 139-141.
[9] Bakhtawar S, Mughal T, Naeem I. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Withania coagulans. Asian J Chem. 2010; 22(1): 122-126.
[10] Ali A, Jameel M, Ali M. New withanolide, acyl and menthyl glucosides from fruits of Withania coagulans Dunal. Acta Pol Pharm Drug Res. 2014; 71(3): 423-430.
[11] Ali A, Jameel M, Ali M. New fatty acid, aromatic ester and monoterpenic benzyl glucoside from the fruits of Withania coagulans Dunal. Nat Prod Res. 2015; 29(14): 1307-1314.
[12] Maurya R, Akanksha, Jayendra, Singh AB, Srivastava AK. Coagulanolide, a withanolide from Withania coagulans fruits and antihyperglycemic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008; 18(24): 6534-6537.
[13] Ramaiah PA, Lavie D, Budhiraja RD, Sudhir S, Garg KN. Spectroscopic studies on a withanolide from Withania coagulans. Phytochemistry. 1984; 23(1): 143-149.
[14] Budhiraja RD, Sudhir S, Garg KN. Cardiovascular effects of a withanolide from Withania coagulans Dunal fruits. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1983; 27(2): 129-134.
[15] Velde VV, Lavie D, Budhiraja RD, Sudhir S, Garg KN. Potential biogenetic precursors of withanolides from Withania coagulans. Phytochemistry. 1983; 22(10): 2253-2257.
[16] Maurya R, Akanksha, Jayendra. Chemistry and pharmacology of Withania coagulans: an Ayurvedic remedy. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 62(2): 153-160.
[17] Browse J, McCourt PJ, Somerville CR. Fatty acid composition of leaf lipids determined after combined digestion and fatty acid methyl ester formation from fresh tissue. Anal Biochem. 1986; 152(1): 141-145.
[18] Babushok VI, Linstrom PJ, Zenkevich IG. Retention indices for frequently reported compounds of plant essential oils. J Phys Chem Ref Data. 2011; 40(4): 1-46.
[19] Ali M. Techniques in terpenoid identification. 1st ed. Delhi: Birla Publication, 2001.
[20] McLaerty FW. Registry of mass spectral data. New York: Wiley, 1989.
[21] Yang ZH, Miyahara H, Hatanaka A. Chronic administration of palmitoleic acid reduces insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in KK-Ay mice with genetic type 2 diabetes. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 120(10): 1-8.
[22] Matthan NR, Dillard A, Lecker JL, Blanche I, Lichtenstein AH. Effects of dietary palmitoleic acid on plasma lipoprotein profile and aortic cholesterol accumulation are similar to those of other unsaturated fatty acids in the F1B golden syrian hamster. J Nutr. 2009; 139(2): 215-221.
[23] Das UN. Essential fatty acids - a review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006; 7(6): 467-482.
[24] Das UN. Biological significance of essential fatty acids. J Assoc Physicians India. 2006; 54(4): 309-319.
[25] Horrobin DF, Ziboh VA. The importance of linoleic acid metabolites in cancer metastasis and in the synthesis and actions of 13-HODE. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997; 433: 291-294.
[26] Ali ST, Ali SK, Baloch MN, Wahab A, Subhan SA. GC/MS based phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening of non-polar fraction of Withania coagulans. Int J Curr Res. 2015; 7(4): 14361-14363.
[27] Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Are medicinal plants polluted with phthalates? Daru J Pharm Sci. 2013; Article ID PMC3671212.
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
Volume 4, Issue 4
October 2017
Pages 1-6

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics