- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101Nerinine and homolycorine, amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin1741128ENM. Babashpour-AslDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.H. NazemiyehResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.H. ZakizadehDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.A. Motallebi-AzarDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20160917<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Many members of the Amaryllidaceae are regarded as toxic. The toxic constituents that occur in the whole family are referred to as the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The main aim of this study was the identification of alkaloid compounds from <em>Galanthus transcaucasicus</em> Fomin, a medicinal plant from Amaryllidaceae. <strong>Methods: </strong>Planar and column chromatography techniques were used for isolation of alkaloid components. GC/MS analysis was carried out for the identification of alkaloid compounds. <strong>Results: </strong>Silica gel column chromatography of the alkaloidal extract of <em>G. transcaucasicus</em> bulbs afforded seven fractions. Preparative thin layer chromatography of these fractions led to the isolation of compounds <strong>1</strong> (nerinine)and <strong>2 </strong>(homolycorine). Galantamine was not detected in any of these fractions. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings showed that <em>G. transcaucasicus </em>could be a new source of bioactive alkaloids for possible applications in pharmaceutical industries.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101Authentication and quality control of some polyherbal oils used in Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM)92241130ENA. HamediMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A. SakhtemanDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.F. AhmadiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.M. SohrabpourStudent Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.M.M. ZarshenasMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20160824<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Traditional polyherbal oils are still in use in Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM). Most of these formulations are prepared via traditional procedures such as maceration of herbs in oils or evaporating aqueous herbal extracts in boiling or heating oils as the vehicle. Thus, their quality control, standardization and authentication are real challenges due to the lack of scientific studies. The present study provided data and methods to authenticate some of these oils and has compared applicability of different fingerprinting methods for their authenticity<em>.</em> <strong>Methods</strong>: Thirteen oils were prepared according to the traditional manuscripts. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) fingerprinting data were analyzed using MATLAB software. For HPTLC fingerprints a special coding system was designed according to the R<sub>f</sub> values. The fingerprinting data were subjected to principal components (PCs) analysis. Melting point and thermal behavior of the oils were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, the refractive indices, acid and peroxide values were obtained for the oils. <strong>Results</strong>: The designed coding system for HPTLC was successfully able to produce a discriminative unique fingerprint for each sample. Among UV, IR and HPTLC fingerprinting, the last one seemed more reliable than others to authenticate the oils. The acid values (0.22-3.85), peroxide values (2.31-34.35 meq/kg) and refractive indices (1.4622 - 1.4706) were in acceptable ranges for most of these oils. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Despite lack of knowledge about constituents of traditional polyherbal oils, this study was able to provide some data and fingerprinting methods for their authentication.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101A clinical comparative study of oral and topical ginger on severity and duration of primary dysmenorrhea233241132ENP. ShirooyeDepartment of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.F. Hashem-DabaghianResearch Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.M. Hamzeloo-MoghadamTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.M. AfrakhtehDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.S. BioosDepartment of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.R. MokaberinejadDepartment of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160918<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Primary dysmenorrhea has remained a health problem. This study has compared the effect of oral and topical ginger on severity and duration of primary dysmenorrhea. <strong>Methods</strong>: A single-blind randomized trial was conducted on 70 female students with moderate and severe primary dysmenorrhea. The participants were stratified randomized between two groups of oral and topical ginger. The oral group received 250 mg capsules of ginger powder and the topical group applied five drops of ginger oil topically every 6 hours from two days before through the first three days of menstruation for three cycles. The severity and duration of pain, and the number of mefenamic acid consumption were assessed in each cycle. Before-after changes were evaluated in each group and were compared between two groups. <strong>Results:</strong> The reduction of pain severity was 3(±3.2) in the topical compared to 2.6(±3.4) in the oral group (<em>p</em><0.001). The reduction of pain duration was 14.5(±20.1) h in the topical compared to 14.5(±19.8) h in the oral group (<em>p</em><0.001). The reduction of mefenamic consumption was 0.4(±1.6) in the topical (<em>p</em>=0.9) compared to 0.5(±1.3) in the oral group (<em>p</em>=0.006). The reduction in pain severity, duration and mefenamic consumption were similar between two groups (<em>p</em>>0.05). Complications were observed in 54.2% of participants in oral group. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study showed that ginger in both oral and topical forms showed similar positive effects on decreasing the severity and duration of pain in primary dysmenorrhea; however, the topical ginger oil was a better choice because it showed no complications.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101Toxicological, chemical and antibacterial evaluation of squill vinegar, a useful product in Persian Traditional Medicine333941135ENM. BozorgiDepartment of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.G.R. AminDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.S.N. OstadDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran.N. SamadiDepartment of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy and Phamaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.E. NazemDepartment of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.M. ShekarchiFood and Drug Laboratory Research Center and Food and Drug Control Laboratories, MOH and ME, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160618<strong>Background and objectives</strong><strong>:</strong> Squill [<em>Drimia maritima</em> (L.) Stearn] is an important medicinal plant that has been used for medicinal purposes such as cardiovascular diseases and asthma since ancient times. Bufadienolides are the main compounds of this plant and are responsible for some reported adverse effects. In order to reduce adverse effects, different methods like boiling with vinegar were applied by traditional practitioners. In the present study, the acute oral toxicity, cytotoxic effects, proscillaridin A content and antibacterial properties of methanol and vinegar extracts of squill white variety were compared for exploring the efficacy of traditional processing method. <strong>Methods: </strong>Different doses of extracts (1000-5000 mg/kg) were administered during oral gavage in rats to analyze the acute oral toxicity. Cytotoxicity against HT-29, Caco-2 and NIH3T3 cell lines and antibacterial activity <em>(Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae </em>and <em>Escherichia coli</em>) were investigated using MTT assay and conventional agar dilution method, respectively. Proscillaridin A content was evaluated in the extracts (vinager and methanol) by a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. <strong>Results: </strong>During the <em>in vivo</em> research no death or observed effect occurred in animals that received the extracts. Our results showed that all of the extracts exhibited no cytotoxic effects in experimented cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub>>1000 μg/mL). Proscillaridin A was only detected in the methanol extract and no significant antibacterial effect was detected in methanol extract. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to results of the present study, processing squill with vinegar according to traditional experiences can reduce possible the side effects of bufadienolids.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Scrophularia umbrosa415041181ENE. NikkhahDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.S. AsnaashariBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.H. BabaeiDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.F. Heshmati AfsharDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.A. DelazarDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20160824<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Scrophularia umbrosa </em>Dumort is used as a traditional herb in China. In this study, chemical profile, free radical suppression capability, general toxicity and cardiovascular activities of the volatile compounds from <em>S. umbrosa</em> were investigated. Moreover, methanol (MeOH) extract of rhizomes were analyzed to purify and identify the constituents. <strong>Methods</strong>: GC/MS was used to identify chemical combination of the volatile oil. Suppression of free radicals of the volatile oil was examined by DPPH method. Also, the essential oil was evaluated for its general toxicity and cardiovascular activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and organ bath method, respectively. Preparative HPLC and NMR were applied for investigating the MeOH extract composition. <strong>Results: </strong>Forty one Ingredients were recognized, displaying about 93.08 % of the total volatile oil constituents Ketones (38.49%) with hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (26.18%), phytol (11.86%), palmitic acid (8.92%), β-damascenone (4.1%) and copaene (3.82%) were the main components. The essential oil showed weak free radical scavenging activity (RC<sub>50</sub>=13.71±0.75 mg/mL). Relatively high levels of toxicity were observed with the essential oil of <em>S. umbrosa</em> in comparison with podophyllotoxin. Likewise, the essential oil was able to induced vasorelaxantion in isolated rat aortic rings both in presence and absence of endothelium at a similar rate. An iridoid compounds (sesamoside) was isolated from the MeOH extract of<em> S. umbrosa.</em> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Chemical diversity is probably responsible for various pharmacological activities. However, the essential oil of this plant showed toxicity in preliminary toxicity test; so its toxic effect should be more investigated by various cell lines.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human endothelial cells515841183ENL. SafaeianDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.S. YaghoobiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.S.H. JavanmardApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.N. Ghasemi-DehkordiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20160607<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Otostegia persica</em> (Burm.) Boiss. is an endemic plant of Iran with various applications in traditional medicine which contains of several antioxidant constituents. This research was aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract from <em>O. persica</em> aerial parts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as an inducer of oxidative damage. <strong>Methods:</strong> The total phenolics content of the extract was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The probable cytotoxicity of <em>O. persica</em> extract and also its cytoprotective effect on HUVEC cells against oxidative stress was assessed using 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The intra and extra-cellular hydroperoxides concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined in pretreated cells. <strong>Results: </strong>Total phenolics content was found to be 42.41±0.1 mg tanic acid equivalent/g of thedried extract. No cytotoxic effect was observed from<em> O. persica</em> extract in the range of 25-250 µg/mL. Pretreatment of HUVECs with <em>O. persica</em> extract with the concentrations of 50-250 µg/mL significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. <em>Otostegia persica</em> extract attenuated the concentration of hydroperoxides and increased FRAP value in intra- and extra-cellular fluids at different concentration ranges. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study indicated the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of <em>O. persica</em> extract against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress in HUVEC cells; however, more researches are required for finding the precise mechanism and assessing its clinical value.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101Morphine withdrawal attenuating effect, toxicity and alkaloid composition of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides596641184ENS. KianbakhtMedicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.R. HajiaghaeeMedicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.A. Ramezani SalehabadBehsazan Machinery Manufacturing Company, Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran.Journal Article20160825<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The seedsof <em>Sophora alopecuroides</em> L. var. <em>alopecuroides</em> may benefit treatment of opioid dependence. Therefore, the plant alkaloid composition, toxicity and effects on morphine withdrawal were studied. <strong>Methods:</strong> The alkaloid composition was determined by GC and GC/MS analysis. Mice were made dependent by morphine injected 3 times a day for 3 days. The withdrawal jumping and diarrhea were induced by administration of naloxone 2 h after the 10<sup>th</sup> injection of morphine on the day 4. The ethanol 90% extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg), alkaloid fraction (5, 10, 20 mg/kg), morphine (50 mg/kg) or saline were injected 30 min before naloxone. All drugs were injected subcutaneously to groups each consisting of 10 mice. To assess toxicity, different doses of the ethanol or aqueous extracts dissolved in normal saline were gavaged once to groups each consisting of 30 mice. Afterward, the numbers of dead animals within 72 h after gavage were counted and LD<sub>50</sub> was calculated. <strong>Results:</strong> Matrine, cytisine, sophoridine, <em>n</em>-methyl cytisine, sophocarpine and sophoramine were the major alkaloids. All doses of the total extract, alkaloid fraction and morphine decreased jumping and diarrhea significantly compared to the saline (<em>p</em><0.001). The effects of the total extract and alkaloid fraction were not significantly different from morphine (<em>p</em>>0.05). The ethanol and aqueous extracts LD<sub>50</sub> were 355 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The plant inhibited opioid withdrawal with efficacy comparable to morphine. The alkaloids may be involved in the effect. The ethanol and aqueous extracts are moderately and slightly orally toxic, respectively.- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44584120170101In vitro anti-biofilm activity of Quercus brantii subsp. persica on human pathogenic bacteria677341185ENZ. BaharRab-e -Rashidi University, Tabriz, Iran.R. GhotaslouImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical
Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Sh. TaheriImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical
Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20160711<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Quercus</em> <em>brantii</em> subsp. <em>persica</em> is used in folk medicine to treat infections in Iran. There is not available report on the anti-biofilm activity of <em>Quercus brantii</em> subsp. <em>persica</em>. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of <em>Quercus</em> <em>brantii</em> subsp. <em>persica</em> against bacterial biofilms. <strong>Methods</strong>: Eighty biofilm producing strains of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were collected. <em>Quercus brantii subsp. persica </em>fruits aqueous extraction (QBAE) was prepared though maceration method. Chemical analysis to distinguish the main components of the QBAE was carried out using thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial effects of QBAE on bacterial isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer and broth microdilution methods. The antibiofilm effects of QBAE on bacterial isolates were determined using a microtiter assay. <strong>Results</strong>: The <em>Quercus</em> <em>brantii</em> subsp. <em>persica</em> exhibited bacterial growth inhibition and bactericidal activity on the majority of the strains at concentrations between 0.2 and 1.2 mg/mL. The average of biofilm formation inhibition by <em>Quercus brantii subsp. persica </em>at a minimum inhibitory concentration MIC<sub>50</sub> in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> strains were 35%, 45%, 57% and 61%, respectively. coumarins, phenols, terpenes and steroids were found in the QBAE by TLC. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results showed that <em>Quercus</em> <em>brantii</em> subsp. <em>persica</em> aqueous extraction was effective against the tested microorganisms and showed anti-biofilm activity which can be a basis for future studies to investigate for new anti-biofilm drugs.