@article { author = {Bozorgi, M. and Amin, Gh. and Kasebzade, S. and Shekarchi, M.}, title = {Development and validation of a HPLC-UV method for determination of Proscillaridin A in Drimia maritima}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives:Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn also known as squill is a medicinally important plant that has been used for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory disorders, jaundice and epilepsy from ancient times. Proscillaridin A is identified as one of the most effective compounds in the plant with remarkable pharmacological features including efficacy against congestive heart failure, antitumor, t-cell suppressive and analgesic activities. In the present study, a reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for quantification of proscillaridin A in D. maritima.  Methods: The separation of compounds was performed using gradient elution (methanol: water) on a reversed phase ACE C18 with flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 300 nm for 50 min. The method was evaluated using validation parameter such as selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ). Results: The separation technique was selective for quantification of proscillaridin A. The calibration graph was linear with r2> 0.998. The intra and inter-day precision (RSD%, 3.8-4.16 and 7.5) were satisfactory. LOD and LOQ were calculated as 0.6 and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. The recovery average was 93.7%. Conclusion: Due to precision, accuracy and speed, the proposed HPLC-UV method could be applied for determination of proscillaridin A in Drimia maritima samples.}, keywords = {Drimia maritima,high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),proscillaridin A,Validation}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15629.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15629_999bb4f14b54d4994d0b8b9237af60da.pdf} } @article { author = {Karami, M. and Yazdani, D. and Jalali Nadoushan, M.R. and Geravand, S.}, title = {In vivo wound healing activity of a herbal ointment in rat}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {9-16}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: The wounds are still the health tribulations at the present time. In the present research the effect of a new herbal ointment (Oppyheal) in treatment of rat’s wound has been investigated. The effectiveness of the ointment was compared with the Fibrinolysin/DNAse. Methods: Fifty four male Wistar rats were used. The wound was created on the back cervical skin of the animals under anesthesia in three different sizes. The animals in each size group were randomly divided into three groups. The control group did not receive the ointments. The reference group was given the Fibrinolysin/DNAse and the third group was treated with the Oppyheal. The products were topically used once per day until the wounds of one group were completely healed. The size of the wound area was measured in days 0-20 by a standard reference ruler. The reduction in size of the wound was calculated and analyzed. The recovered skin of all animals were examined histologically, pResults: The results showed a significant difference in wound contraction between the treated groups and the control group (p<0.0001). The new skin of ointment-treated rats showed healing features in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study may introduce a suitable topical ointment, Oppyheal, for wound care.}, keywords = {Fibrinolysin/DNAse,herbal ointment,Rat,skin,wound healing}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15631.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15631_7b7701e2a9ed418335c382e1a3cd6ebd.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadi Motamed, S. and Bush, S. and Hosseini Rouzbahani, S. and Karimi, S. and Mohammadipour, N.}, title = {Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of four medicinal plants from Hormozgan province, Iran}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {17-26}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives:Hormozgan province is located in the south of Iran, bordering waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Due to the antioxidant potential of plants which might be responsible for their medicinal properties, the antioxidant properties of four medicinal plants of the region were evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant properties of Chrozophora obliqua, Daphne mucronata, Salvia aegyptiaca and Suaeda vermiculata were evaluated by four different methods: free radical scavenging using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method, and total reduction capability. The flavonoid and phenolic content of the plants were also analyzed. Results: Amongst the species, C. obliqua showed the best result in metal chelating activity test, and S. vermiculata showed the best antioxidant activity in the three other assays, and S. vermiculata and S. aegyptiaca had the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Conclusion: The acceptable antioxidant activity of S. vermiclata as a halophyte plant, could justify the medicinal properties of the plant.}, keywords = {Antioxidant,flavonoid contents,halophyte,Medicinal plant,Phenolic contents}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15632.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15632_8f71931016be253eb75bbb74c28f8073.pdf} } @article { author = {Khosravi Dehaghi, N. and Gohari, A.R. and Sadat-Ebrahimi, S.S. and Naghdi Badi, H. and Amanzadeh, Y.}, title = {Phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Lallemantia iberica aerial parts}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {27-34}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives:Lallemantia iberica (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant distributed in different parts of Iran. This research, has evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the aerial parts of the plant. Methods: Different chromatographic methods such as column chromatographies using Silica gel (normal and reversed phases), Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC were used for isolation of the compounds from the ethyl acetate and methanol extract of L. iberica aerial parts. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS. Antioxidant activity of the extracts were also evaluated in DPPH and FRAP tests. Results: Two sterols,β-sitosterol acetate (1), β-sitosterol (2), one triterpenoic acid,ursolic acid (3), one polyphenol, rosmarinic acid (4) and six flavonoides,Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (5), 4'-methoxy-luteolin-7-O-glucoside (6), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (7), Luteolin (8),  diosmetin (9), apigenin (10) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate (IC50 189.95±2.8 μg/mL) and the methanol extracts (IC50 140±1.2 μg/mL) were compared to the standard antioxidant, BHA (IC50 100±1.6 μg/mL) in DPPH method. The reducing power of the ethyl acetate (300.28 μmol Eq FeSO4.7H2O/mg DW), the methanol extract (553.14 μmol Eq FeSO4.7H2O/mg DW) and BHA (558.36 μmol Eq FeSO4.7H2O/mg of standard) were elucidated in FRAP assay. Conclusion: The results introduce L. iberica as a medicinal plant with valuable constituents which are responsible of different pharmacological activities.}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity,DPPH,FRAP,Lallemantia iberica,phytochemistry}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15634.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15634_7d81164e9522794d666f6dab22b772c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Samadi, N. and Shahani, S. and Akbarzadeh, H. and Mohammadi-Motamed, S. and Safaripour, E. and Farjadmand, F. and Eftekhari, M. and Monsef-Esfahani, H.R. and Khanavi, M.}, title = {Essential oil analysis and antibacterial activity of Ferula assa-foetida L. aerial parts from Neishabour mountains}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {35-42}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida) is a native Iranian species which grows in different regions and climates in Iran. The plant is well known in Iranian Traditional Medicine as well as folk medicine for treatment of diseases. Several studies have been carried out on the essential oil of this species collected from different areas of Iran. This study is the first report about the essential oil of the plant collected from Neishabour mountains that is a potent area for growing this valuable plant species. Methods: Essential oil of the aerial part of Ferula assa-foetidawhich wascollected from Neishabour, Iran, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil was investigated against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria using microdilution method. Results: Twenty three components representing 97.06% of the total oil were identified. (E)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (53.77%), (Z)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (35.6%) and α-pinene (3.4%) were identified as major components. The MICof the essential oil ranged from 12-24 mg/mL against all tested bacteria. Conclusion: The results indicated that among various compounds identified in the essential oil of F. assa-foetida L. from Neishabour mountains, disulphide compounds were the major constituents of the oil. In comparison to other reports of this plant around the country, disulphide compounds could be the reason of its moderate antibacterial effect.}, keywords = {Antibacterial Activity,Essential oil,Ferula assa-foetida,GC/MS}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15635.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15635_c9f52bc196548d2a383ed684d8e28aa2.pdf} } @article { author = {Zeynali, Z. and Hosseini, B. and Rezaei, E.}, title = {Effect of elicitation on antioxidant activity and production of tropane alkaloids in Hyoscyamus reticulatus hairy root cultures}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {43-53}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Hyoscyamus reticulatus contains two distinguished tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamineand scopolamine and both of the compounds possesspotential acute or chronic toxicity. In the present study, a simple and efficient transformation system was established for in vitro hairy roots induction in Hyoscyamus reticulatus. Methods: Effect of different factors including Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A7, 15834, A13 and D7), various explant types (cotyledon, hypocotyl, two weeks old leaf, four weeks old leaf, two weeks old internode and four weeks old internode), two inoculation methods (immersion and injection) and four types of culture media (MS, ½ MS, ¼ MS and B5) on hairy roots induction efficiency in Hyoscyamus reticulatus were tested. In the second part of the experiments, elicitations with different concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05% w/v) and different UV-B exposure time (0, 3, 6 and 9 min) were used to analyze hyoscyamineand scopolamine production.  Transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using specific primers of the rolB gene. The total antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH) method. Results: Induction of hairy roots in H. reticulatus was affected by bacterial strain and explant type. A7 strain and cotyledon explants were detected as the best strain and explants for induction of hairy root in H. reticulatus. Hairy roots growth was significantly affected by medium type. The highest fresh weight was produced in MS and B5 medium.Fresh and dry weight of hairy root reached 1.44 and 0.134 mg at 0.05 percentage of colchicine after 48 h, respectively but in UV-B treatment fresh weight was decreased. In addition, antioxidant activity of hairy root samples treated with colchicine and UV-B increased to 27% (0.05 colchicine) and 26% (UV-B 9 min), respectively compared to the antioxidant activity level in non-transgenic roots (12%) and transgenic roots (18%). The highest amount of hyoscyamine and scopolamine (0.58% and 1.9 %) found in elicited hairy root cultures was 3.2 and 5.1 folds higher than the non-transformed roots (0.18% and 0.37%), respectively. B5 and MS medium were detected as the best appropriate medium for growth of H. reticulatus hairy roots. Antioxidant activity in elicited hairy roots with elicitors increased in comparison to the antioxidant activity level in transgenic and non-transgenic hairy roots. Conclusion: Hairy root lines developed and elicited in this study can be used to investigate the production of pharmaceutically important metabolites of H. reticulatus.}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity,colchicine,Hairy Root,Hyoscyamus reticulatus,tropane alkaloids}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15637.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15637_2a32fe66c5268734e045561d212d67f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasiri, E. and Naserirad, S. and Pasdaran Lashgari, A. and Gazor, R. and Mohammadghasemi, F. and Atrkar Roushan, Z.}, title = {Hepatoprotective effect of Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss. on formaldehyde-induced liver injury in adult male mice}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {55-61}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss (Plumbaginaceae) is used in variety of diseases including hepatic ailments in the west regions of Iran. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract (ME) of A. bracteatum on formaldehyde (FA) induced liver injury has been investigated in adult male mice. Methods: Fifty six adult male mice were divided into 8 groups. The control group received normal saline. Group II (E2) was treated with formaldehyde 10 mg/kg. Group III to VIII (E3-E8) were treated with both FA (10 mg/kg) and the metanol extract at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. All animals were treated for 2 weeks (once every other day). At the end of the morphology, histopathology of liver and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. Results: Formaldehyde induced liver damage both in histology and function. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes had significantly increased in FA treated group. Administration of ME in all experimental groups significantly reduced serum levels of ALP (p= 0.02); however, AST was reduced significantly just in groups III (E3) and IV(E5) (p<0.002) who were treating with doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg of  A. bracteatum;similarly, ME at doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg protected liver histology against FA. Conclusion: The results showed that the ME of A. bracteatum has a protective effect on both histology and function of liver in low doses.}, keywords = {Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss,formaldehyde-induced liver injury,hepatoprotective effect,Plumbaginaceae}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15638.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15638_c0737e11ea7ad352ca4c16e88dbbba9b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ziaei, A. and Sahranavard, S. and Faizi, M.}, title = {Topical herbal remedies for treatment of joint pain according to Iranian Traditional Medicine}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {63-72}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Joint pain is one of the most common complaints with many possible causes.Some medicines used for joint pain relief such as NSAIDs have substantial and frequent side effects. Topical route possibly reduces adverse reactions by maximizing local delivery and minimizing systemic toxicity. Throughout history, plants have been the most important sources of medicines for human health and Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) is well known for its extensive use of herbal medicines to treat diseases accompanied with joint pain for centuries. In the present study, the plants used topically for relieving joint pain in ITM were searched. Moreover, their pharmacological effectiveness in modern medicine was reviewed. The terms “Waja mafasil” (joint pain), “Waja-ol-mafasil” (joint pain), “Irq-on-nasa” (sciatica), “Waja-ol-warik” (coxalgia), ‘Waja-ol-zahr” (back pain), “Waja-ol-rakbah” (knee pain) and “Niqris” (gout) were searched in three important Iranian traditional books including “Canon”, “Al-Hawi” and “Tohfat al-mu’minin” and topical preparations introduced as “Tela” and “Zemad” were selected. The scientific literatures were searched for their effectiveness related to the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Thirty five plants were selected on the basis of their topical use to relief joint pain. Among these plants, 22 species have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.}, keywords = {herbal remedies,Iranian traditional medicine,joint pain,remedy,Topical}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15641.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_15641_11dce7412ce36288292b752e679e3297.pdf} }